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Introduction
There are various ways in which the surface of the Tools Steel can achieve higher hardness. This process varies from one steel to another and careful study must be made on the steel, its properties and the application to which they will be put before a final decision on the method is reached.
Nitriding,
Flame Hardening,
Carburizing,
Powder carburizing,
Gas carburizing,
Nitro carburizing,
Special treatment like sub zero cooling are used to improve the tool life.
Surface Treatment methods :
| Method | Temperature °C | Properties achieved | Layer thickness | Surface Hardness (HV) |
| Carburizing box Salt bath Gas Cabonitriding |
860-900 860-900 890-950 820-870 |
Very good results from Low content steel | Up to 2mm | 900 (Max) |
| Nitriding-Gas Salt bath Nitrocarburizing Lon Nitriding |
510-530 570 570 |
Surface hardness, Wear resistance retention to tempering increase | Up to 1mm | 1200 (Max) |
| CVD | 950-1100 | Starts with polished Surface, follows with vacuum hardening | 0.006-0.009mm | 3500 (Max) |
| PVD | 400-500 | Hardened and tempered Tools, starts with highly Polished surface, no Change in dimensions | 0.002-0.005mm | 2000-2500 |
| Oxidizing | 300-350 | To form oxide layer on surface of hot work tool steels | Upto 0.01mm |
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